Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational innovation business concentrating on Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and provides a broad variety of other web services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion online forum).

Besides its core web search business, Baidu has diversified into numerous high-growth areas. The business is a leading gamer in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and wise consumer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a years of financial investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is one of the couple of tech business internationally to provide a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud infrastructure, structure designs, and applications. [5]

The holding company of the group is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu became the very first Chinese business to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap increased to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the very first Chinese company to join the United States-based computer principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has increasingly focused on AI related products. [13]

The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its national champ corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey division of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped establish software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with establishing much better algorithms for search engines and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first online search engine that utilized links to measure the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the popularity of a website based on the number of other sites had connected to it. [20] It preceded the comparable PageRank algorithm used by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in a few of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later used his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine.

Baidu was integrated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed advertisers to bid for advertisement area then pay Baidu every time a consumer clicked on an advertisement, preceding Google’s method to marketing. [20] In 2003, Baidu launched a news search engine and picture online search engine, embracing a special identification technology capable of identifying and organizing the posts. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese federal government and Chinese industry sources stated that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the search engine to end up being a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to provide its own reports, besides showing specific outcomes as an online search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese online search engine to get such a license. [25]

Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s first routine service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would partner with Sina to provide mobile search results. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to provide free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu released its Personal Assistant app, designed to assist CEOs, supervisors and the white-collar employees manage their organization relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as primary researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the business released a Brazilian version of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving vehicle platform, in a quote to help drive the advancement of autonomous cars and trucks consisting of car platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu prepares to introduce this task in July 2017, before gradually introducing totally self-governing driving abilities on highways and open city roadways by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu released a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to invest in as numerous as 100 self-governing driving tasks over the occurring 3 years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software version 1.5 was likewise released. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, automobile market providers, on automated driving and connected automobiles. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU got in into a partnership with Snap Inc. to act as the company’s official advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu presented a new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in a number of different languages. Smaller than a normal smartphone, the 140-gram translation gadget can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to operate on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will likewise be placing expert system (AI) innovation into mobile phones, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the exact same duration, it has also led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, obtaining 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the exact same month, Baidu announced that its very first annual Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, bringing together Baidu executives, workers, partners, developers, and media to discuss the company’s mission and strategy, innovation breakthroughs, new product developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]

China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU organization” part of its abroad company, which established a series of energy apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This service now operates independently of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong considering that JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu exposed a brand-new Robocar idea said to be efficient in Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It likewise includes the current second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external surroundings to provide predictive recommendations to proactively serve the requirements of travelers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, an intelligent electrical automobile company initially backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its first idea ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production vehicle. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical automobile platform established by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a more recent version Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had completed six million rides utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless vehicles in Wuhan. [56]

Domain name redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were altered such that internet browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a site professing to be the Iranian Cyber Army, thought to be behind the attack on Twitter throughout the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the correct site unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were met a page stating “This website has actually been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later reacted by assaulting Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on launched legal action versus Register.com for gross carelessness after it was revealed that Register.com’s technical support personnel altered the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed individual, in spite of stopping working security confirmation treatments. Once the address had actually been changed, the person was able to utilize the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent directly to them, permitting them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com issued an apology. [62]

Baidu workers apprehended

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three workers of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted bribes. The kickbacks were apparently paid for deleting posts from the online forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intention to purchase 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app store, but it has been reported that the app shop deals with privacy and other legal concerns. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu revealed that its wholly owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger arrangement to obtain 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) actually means “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “countless times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having browsed numerous times in the crowd, unexpectedly reversing, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service controlled by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s primary advertising item is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that permits marketers to have their ads displayed in Baidu search results pages and on other sites that belong to Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search engine result are also based on payments by marketers. This has actually triggered criticism and suspicion amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on problems relating to dependability of Baidu results. Often as numerous as the very first two pages of search engine result tend to be paid marketers. [71]

Baidu sells its marketing products via a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it challenging for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party company established a tool with a user interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu need to have a signed up company address either in China or in specified East Asian nations. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] completes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most pre-owned search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal short article, [78] Baidu played down its advantage from Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of income in China’s search-advertising market grew six percentage points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study company Analysys International.

It is likewise obvious that Baidu is attempting to enter the Internet social media market. As of 2011 [upgrade], it is discussing the possibility of working with Facebook, which would cause a Chinese variation of the international social media network, handled by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if executed, would take on Baidu with competition from the three popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with induce competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a complaint to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting for an evaluation of the behavior of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest rival who has rebranded its search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have utilized anticompetitive methods in Brazil against the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]

In a continuous competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise understood as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has actually begun to buy deep knowing research and is incorporating new deep learning innovation into a few of its apps and products, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live obtained a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” technology. This innovation immediately scans files that are published by Internet users, and recognizes and strains material that may violate copyright law. This permits Baidu to offer an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu revealed they gained permits from China to supply the first driverless taxis. The company objective to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 autonomous vehicles set to begin using trips to travelers within a 23-square-mile location in suburban begin starting 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu revealed the Apollo RT6, a driverless lorry that is planned to join Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from a worker in Baidu’s internal monitoring and censorship department reveal a long list of obstructed sites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for breaching the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the need of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has actually ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu has the right to block works from its query results under liberty of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that looked for to penalize the company. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security in addition to 372 Internet authorities departments to detect details associated to “anti-government reports” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked web websites, news sites and devices with signals dispelling false information.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, huge data and synthetic intelligence. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, together with other Internet business, to “conduct special guidance” on news and information associated to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics downgraded Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search engine result apparently contributed to the death of a trainee who tried a speculative cancer treatment he found online. The 21-year-old college trainee was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an unusual kind of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the search engine Baidu, on which the medical facility had been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved unsuccessful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s family invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the hospital, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The occurrence triggered enormous online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading watchdog for China’s Internet space, dispatched a group of detectives to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical marketing makes up for 30% of Baidu’s advertisement revenue, much of which comes from for-profit medical facilities that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of medical facilities across the country established by medical entrepreneurs connected with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to enforce a number of restrictions on Baidu, consisting of including disclaimers to promotional content and establishing channels for problems about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now largely directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to proclaim that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu offered the hemophilia online neighborhood, among the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified healthcare facilities. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu formally announced to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of diseases will completely stop industrial cooperation and will just be open to authoritative public welfare organizations. In reaction to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that private hospitals have actually gone into a period of industry change and updating, and are neither reliant on publishing bar ads nor depending on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s decision will not have a negative influence on the industry. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android gadgets developed by the subsidiary company, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue boosting background programs on user devices because at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 known applications developed by the company, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking on internet ads – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase income produced by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were offered on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user score of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]

Google banned DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was among several Chinese websites that were banned or blocked in India for national security reasons. [119]

2024 head of communications debate

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) stimulated significant reactions across the Chinese social media for endorsing toxic workplace culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has actually asked a colleague to be on a 50-day service journey throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has excited even more discussions amongst Chinese netizens relating to Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu honestly asked forgiveness after the occurrence and has actually apparently lost her task. Baidu’s stock cost fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Copyright in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of online search engine by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smart devices”.